Digital Moving Image Research

Definition of Analogue
elating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.

Definition of Digital
(of signals or data) expressed as series of the digits 0 and 1, typically represented by values of a physical quantity such as voltage or magnetic polarization.

Digital Vs Analogue

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	Analog	Digital
Signal	Analog signal is a continuous signal which represents physical measurements.	Digital signals are discrete time signals generated by digital modulation.
Waves	Denoted by sine waves	Denoted by square waves
Representation	Uses continuous range of values to represent information	Uses discrete or discontinuous values to represent information
Example	Human voice in air, analog electronic devices.	Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other digital electronic devices.
Technology	Analog technology records waveforms as they are.	Samples analog waveforms into a limited set of numbers and records them.
Data transmissions	Subjected to deterioration by noise during transmission and write/read cycle.	Can be noise-immune without deterioration during transmission and write/read cycle.
Response to Noise	More likely to get affected reducing accuracy	Less affected since noise response are analog in nature
Flexibility	Analog hardware is not flexible.	Digital hardware is flexible in implementation.
Uses	Can be used in analog devices only. Best suited for audio and video transmission.	Best suited for Computing and digital electronics.
Applications	Thermometer	PCs, PDAs
Bandwidth	Analog signal processing can be done in real time and consumes less bandwidth.	There is no guarantee that digital signal processing can be done in real time and consumes more bandwidth to carry out the same information.
Memory	Stored in the form of wave signal	Stored in the form of binary bit
Power	Analog instrument draws large power	Digital instrument drawS only negligible power
Cost	Low cost and portable	Cost is high and not easily portable
Impedance	Low	High order of 100 megaohm
Errors	Analog instruments usually have a scale which is cramped at lower end and give considerable observational errors.	Digital instruments are free from observational errors like parallax and approximation errors.

Digital Moving Image

Formats ANY way of broadcasting footage

News / Soaps / Sitcoms / Comedy / Drama /
Documentary / Quiz shows / Animation / Adverts /
Music Videos

Platforms

TV / Cinema / Internet Streaming / DVD /
Blueray / Downloads for a mobile device

Research Question

- Why are moving images productions made and who are they for?

Purpose (Why)

- Entertainment eg. Films / Drama / Quiz Shows / Soap opera / Sitcoms

- Educate or inform eg. Documentary / News / Infomercial

- Persuade eg. Advert

- Promote eg. Music Video / Political broadcast

Target Audience (Who)

- Age

- Gender

- Ethnicity (Race)

- Socio-Economic Status (Money owned / Life style / Class)

Understanding Audiences for digital meda

PRIMARY AUDIENCE
- A primary audience is the producers main target audience.
- For example TOY STORYs main audience would be kids
SECONDARY AUDIENCE
- A secondary audience is the audience which are watching it but are not immediately aimed at.
- For example the secondary audience for TOY STORY would be adults.

AUDIENCE RECEPTION THEORY
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Regulatory Bodies

BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) - They regulate Films and TV programmes. They regulate by using their chart/ratings to see what time the show will be shown. 

ASA (Adverting Standards Authority) - They regulate the  advert to make shore that nothing inappropriate is shown of to younger people. They use a rating system to make sure that the advert time slot works with its target audience.

PEGI (Pan European Game Information) - They regulate the games and their content. to make sure that the right aged gamer gets the right aged game. They used their ratings to make sure that the right aged gamer gets the right aged game.

PCC ( Press Complaints Commission) - They regulate magazines and newspapers to make sure that the content is appropriate to the viewer/reader. This is done by using a chart/Rating system.

OFCOM (Office of Communications - They regulate the radio and broadcasting to insure that everything is appropriate for the listeners. They do this by matching words and time slots to th dont e ratings.

Media production may be regulated for the following reasons:
-To protect younger audiences (age appropriate) for example don;t show a 18 rated movie at 8:30 on a saturday morning.

 -To uphold community standards + values (appropriate representations in media)
for example don't people of the community blowing the opera man from the go compare advert up with a rocket launch

Give some reasons (with examples) why media product may be regulated.
- To protect (make it age appropriate).
-To uphold community standards and values.

6. Consideration of Camera